Ingamba zo gucunga Ingorane mu Kigo cy’Ubucuruzi Gito n’Igiciritse
Imicungire y’ingorane ijyana no gufata no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo bigamije kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Ubungubu kurusha mu bindi bihe byahise, bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 gihungabanya uburambe bw’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ku isi hose, iki ni igice gikomeye kijyanye n’imicungire y’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Kudacunga ingorane neza bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyane cyane ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bito kuko bikunze kuba bifite amikoro adahagaije ari nta n’ubuzobere mu bucuruzi ugereranyije n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi binini byabifasha guhangana n’ibihe by’amage bitunguranye. Muri urwo rwego, hari ingamba nyinshi ibigo by’ubucuruzi bito n’ibiciriritse bishobora gukoresha mu gucunga ingorane mu bucuruzi bwabyo.
Soma ibikurikira maze umenye uburyo wacunga ingorane neza mu bucuruzi bwawe.
Curuza ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi zinyuranye.
Hari amagambo akunze kuvugwa agira ati: Ntugashyire amagi yawe yose mu nkangara imwe. Utitaye ku rwego waba ukoreramo rwose rwaba urwa serivisi, urw’ubucuruzi, urw’inganda cyangwa urundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, gukora ibintu binyuranye mu bucuruzi bwawe ni igitekerezo cy’agahebuzo. Guha abaguzi bawe uburyo bwo guhitamo ibintu byinshi bizamura uburyo bumva bishimiye ibyo ukora; ibyo bigatuma hinjira amafaranga menshi mu bucuruzi bwawe. Ibyo bishobora kandi gushyiraho intera hagati yawe n’abo muhiganwa. Urugero rumwe rufatika ni iduka ricuruza ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rigurisha telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike. Uburyo bumwe bene icyo kigo cy’ubucuruzi gishobora kongera mu bucuruzi bwacyo ibindi bicuruzwa binyuranye ni ugucuruza ibyuma byo kubikora igihe byapfuye- ibi bishobora gutuma wa mukiriya waje rimwe ahinduka umukiriya uhoraho uza buri gihe.
Iyigishe ibijyanye n’amategeko.
Kugira amakuru asanzwe nko kwandikisha ubucuruzi, ibigomba gukorwa mu rwego rw’ubuzima n’isuku cyane cyane muri ibi bihe, ingamba zo kwirinda ikwirakwira rya COVID-19 bishobora kugufasha gucunga ingorane zishingiye ku mategeko. Ibi ni ngombwa ku bafite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kugira ngo babashe kumenya uburenganzira ibigo by’ubucuruzi byabo bifite ugereranyije n’ibindi bigo by’ubucuruzi cyangwa abandi bantu ku giti cyabo. Ni ingenzi kandi kumva ibikorwa bimwe bishobora gutuma ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyawe gifungwa n’ubuyobozi; urugero, niba ushaka gufungura uruganda rukora amasabune cyangwa umuti wo gukaraba intoki, ugomba kureba niba ibyo ukora byemewe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubuziranenge mbere yo kubishyira ku isoko. Byongeye kandi, niba ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kigomba kugirana amasezerano n’ikindi kigo cy’ubucuruzi, kigomba kumenya uwo kigiranye amasezerano nawe n’ibizakurikiraho igihe umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi mu bashyize umukono ku masezerano atazabasha gukora cyangwa gutanga ibyo yiyemeje mu buryo bushingiye ku mategeko.
Kubika inyandiko zumvikana ziciye mu mucyo.
Ni ngombwa buri gihe kubika inyandiko z’ibikorwa bikomeye by’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyawe nk’inyandiko z’ibyacurujwe, imyenda uha abakiriya bawe, ikiguzi cy’ibikorwa, ingengabihe z’akazi, n’ubwishyu bw’imisoro. Ni ngombwa nanone kumenya niba abakozi bawe bandika ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byawe uko bikwiye ku buryo nawe byagufasha gutegura raporo z’imari. Ibi bigabanya ingorane zijyanye n’igihombo gishobora kubaho, amakimbirane n’abakiriya, ubujura cyangwa uburiganya bushobora gukorwa n’abakozi; kwandika ibikorwa by’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyawe bigufasha kugenzura aho imari yawe yerekeza kandi bikagufasha kumenya niba amafaranga usohora akwiye cyangwa adakwiye. Urugero, niba ucuruza imyenda, amakuru wandika atuma umenya ibicuruzwa byo mu iduka ryawe bigurwa kurusha ibindi kandi byinjiza amafaranga menshi; ibyo bikagufasha gufata ibyemezo uzi n’impamvu yabyo ku byerekeranye n’ibicuruzwa ugomba kwibandaho.
Mu gihe ukeneye amafaranga, saba inguzanyo ahantu hazwi hakorera mu mucyo.
Benshi mu bantu bafite ibigo by’ubucuruzi bari mu ngorane zakomotse ku cyorezo bakeneye amafaranga yo kongera gutangira cyangwa kongera imbaraga mu bikorwa byabo by’ubucuruzi. Inguzanyo itanzwe n’ikigo cy’imari kizwi ishobora kugira akamaro cyane muri uru rwego. Irinde gusaba inguzanyo abandi bantu cyangwa ngo uguze amafaranga ahantu hatazwi kuko bashobora kuguca ibiguzi bitagaragara cyane cyane inyungu zihanitse cyane cyangwa bakakwishyuza mu buryo budakwiye igihe ugize ikibazo cyo kwishyura. Mu gihe usaba inguzanyo mu kigo cy’imari kizwi, ugomba kureba niba amafaranga usabwa kwishyura ushobora kuyabona, niba ijanisha ku nyungu n’amafaranga yo kwiga dosiye aciye mu mucyo kandi niba ikigo usabamo inguzanyo kizewe.
Niba bishoboka, fata ubwishingizi.
Ubwishingizi ni kimwe mu bikoresho byifashishwa mu gucunga ingorane mu nzego nyinshi z’ubucuruzi ariko bukaba butabasha kwishingira ingorane zose ubucuruzi bwawe bushobora guhura nazo. Ubwishingizi bwose bugira ibintu butishingira; ibyo bikavuga ko ari ngombwa kumva ikishingirwa icyo ari cyo. Ni ingenzi kumva ubwoko bw’ubucuruzi ukora kugira ngo ubashe kumenya n’ingorane bushobora guhura nazo. Nk’urugero, umucuruzi wa resitora ashobora guhitamo ubwishingizi bw’inkongi y’umuriro kubera ko akoresha umuriro igihe ategura ibiryo naho umucuruzi ukora imirimo y’ubwikorezi agahitamo ubwishingizi bw’impanuka bitewe n’urwego rw’akazi akoramo. Baza ushinzwe gucuruza ubwishingizi maze agusobanurire ibyishingirwa n’ibitishingirwa mu bucuruzi bwawe.
Strategies for Managing Risk as an SME
Risk management involves making and carrying out decisions to minimize potential adverse effects of risk on a business. More than ever, with the COVID-19 pandemic threatening business survival worldwide, this is an important part of running a business. Failing to effectively manage risks can be especially damaging for small businesses since they tend to have fewer resources and expertise than large businesses to help contain unexpected emergencies or situations. With that in mind, there are a number of strategies SMEs can use to manage risk in their businesses. Read below to find out how to effectively manage risk in your own business.
Diversify your products or services.
There is a common expression that says: Never put all your eggs in one basket. Regardless of whether you are involved in the service, trade, manufacturing or any other sector, diversifying your business offers is an excellent idea. Offering a wide range of options to your clients enhances customer satisfaction while also creating several income streams for your business. It can also give you a competitive edge over your competition. One example would be a tech shop selling mobile phones or electronics. One way that kind of business can diversify its offering by providing device repair for damaged items – this can turn one-time customers into regulars.
Educate yourself about the law.
Simple information like business registration, health and hygiene protocols, and most importantly in today’s environment, COVID-19 preventive measures can help you manage legal risks. This because its critical for business owners to be aware of what rights their businesses have against other businesses and individuals. It is also essential to understand certain activities that may lead to closure of your business by governing authorities; for example, if you want to start a small manufacturing business with products like soap or hand sanitizers, you need to make sure your products are approved by the Rwanda Standards Boards before you put them on the market. Additionally, if a business is to engage in contracting agreement with another business, its important to know who is bound to the contract and what may happen if one or more parties cannot perform what they legally agreed to do or deliver.
Keep clear, transparent records.
It is critical always to document important transactions in your business such as sales, credit you offer to clients, operations costs, work schedules, and tax payments. It is also essential to make sure that your staff are documenting transactions properly so that you can in turn prepare accurate financial records. This reduces the risk of loss of income, potential conflict with clients, and employee theft or fraud. This is because documenting your business transactions helps you monitor where your finances go, and it will also help you determine whether your spending is appropriate or not. For example, If you’re operating a clothing business, your accounts information will help you determine which products from your shops have more sales and generate more incomes hence enabling you to make informed decisions on which products to focus on.
When you need financing, acquire business loans from a formal, transparent source.
Many business owners struggling due to the adverse effects of the pandemic need financing to restart or invigorate their businesses. A loan from a formal financial institution can be a great resource to help in this case. Avoid using moneylenders or other informal sources of financing, which may charge hidden costs, typically have very high interest rates, and may resort to unethical recovery practices should you run into trouble paying. When looking for a business loan from a formal financial institution, be sure that the repayment amount is manageable, the interest rate and fees are transparent, and the institution is trusted.
If possible, invest in insurance.
Insurance is one of the tools used to manage risks in several business disciplines but may not cover all the risks to which your business may be exposed. All insurance policies have exclusions, making it essential to understand what is covered. It is critical to understand the nature of businesses you are operating to ascertain the likely risk that can affect it. For example, a restaurant business may opt for fire insurance given they deal with fire to prepare meals, and a transport business may opt for an accident insurance given their line of work. Consult with an insurance broker who can clearly explain both what is covered by your business insurance and what is not.