Mfite impungenge ko amafaranga nzayamara kuri konti itunguka kubera ko igipimo cy’amafaranga yinjira n’asohoka kiri hasi muri iki gihe. Nakora iki?

Baza Banki yawe, SACCO cyangwa Ikigo cy’Imari Iciriritse (MFI) ibyerekeye “inguzanyo yihuse.”. Inguzanyo yihuse ni inguzanyo banki iha abantu ku giti cyabo n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi. Iyi nguzanyo ituma ufite konti akoresha amafaranga arenze ayo afite kuri konti ye itunguka iri muri banki.

Amabanki amwe n’amwe ashyira iyi inguzanyo no kuri konti yo kuzigama y’umukiriya.  Impamvu yihariye kuri uru rugero ni uko inyungu ibarwa gusa ku mafaranga ukoresha no ku mubare w’iminsi uyakoresheje, bitandukanye n’inguzanyo kuko yo wishyura inyungu buri kwezi ibarwa hashingiwe ku mubare (ingano) w’inguzanyo.

Twifashishe urugero kugira ngo turusheho gusobanukirwa uko inguzanyo yihuse ikora:

INGUZANYO YIHUSE IKORA ITE?

Dufate ko hari sosiyete yitwa XYZ Ltd.  Ifite konti itunguka muri Banki.

  • Isosiyete XYZ Ltd. yabikije 1.000.000 Frw kuri konti yayo itunguka iri muri Banki Y ku itariki ya 01/04/2020.
  • Iyi sosiyete yakoze isesengura n’imibare y’agateganyo maze isanga izakenera andi mafaranga arenze 1.000.000 Frw mu kwezi kwa Mata kubera ingorane zatewe n’Icyorezo cya COVID-19.
  • Kugira ngo yizere ko izabasha gukomeza ibikorwa byayo, Isosiyete XYZ Ltd yasabye Banki yitwa Y inguzanyo yihuse igera ku 1.500.000 Frw, maze Banki iyiha inguzanyo ku ijanisha ry’inyungu rya 12 % ku mwaka ikazishyurwa mu mwaka umwe.
  • Tariki ya 15 Mata 2020, Isosiyete XYZ Ltd igomba kuzishyura uwo ibereyemo umwenda amafaranga 1.300.000    Kubera ko nta yandi mafaranga ifite,  irakoresha inguzanyo yihuse ihawe na banki kugira ngo ibashe kwishyura.

 Dore uko uburyo bwo kwishyura bukorwa hagati ya banki n’umukiriya wayo:

  • Mu 1.300.000 Frw hazavanwamo ( – ) 1.000.000 Frw kuko ari wo mubare w’amafaranga Isosiyete XYZ Ltd ifite naho 300.000 Frw akoreshwe avuye ku nguzanyo yihuse abe ari umutungo wa Banki Y.
  • Inyungu zizabarwa gusa ku mafaranga ya Banki Y, ariyo 300,000 Frw , ku mubare w’iminsi inguzanyo yihuse izamara.
  • Tuvuge ko, niba XYZ Ltd yishyuwe n’umukiriya ku wa 30 Mata none akaba hari amafaranga afite, azashyira kuri konti ye iri muri Banki Y, umubare w’amafaranga ungana na 300. 000 Frw.
  • Inyungu zibarwa gusa ku minsi 15 ku mafaranga 300.000 maze isosiyete XYZ Ltd ikabasha gukoresha iyi nguzanyo yihuse mu gihe cy’umwaka ndetse igasaba banki kongera kuyiha indi nguzanyo niramuka ikomeje kwizerwa mu bikorwa byayo na Banki.

Ni gute nshobora kubona inguzanyo yihuse? Egera Banki, SACCO cyangwa Ikigo cy’Imari Iciriritse (MFI) mukorana umenye serivisi wemerewe n’uko konti yawe ihagaze. Hanyuma, ushobora gusaba umubare w’inguzanyo yihuse ukeneye, kandi wemerewe guhabwa.

I am afraid that I will overdraw from my current account since my cash flow is low right now. What can I do?

Ask your Bank, SACCO or MFI about an “overdraft facility.” An overdraft facility is a line of credit provided by banks to individuals and businesses. This facility allows an account holder to use more funds than are effectively available in their current account with the bank.

Some banks grant this facility to the customer’s savings account as well. The unique factor here is that interest is charged only for the money you use and for the number of days you use it, unlike a loan, where you pay interest every month on the loan amount.

Let us understand the working of an overdraft facility with an example:

HOW DOES AN OVERDRAFT FACILITY WORK?

Suppose XYZ Ltd. has a current account with Y Bank.

  • XYZ Ltd. deposits Rwf 1,000,000 in its current account at Y Bank on 1st April 2020.
  • The company has done some analysis and forecasts and found that it will need extra cash over and above Rwf 1,000,000 in the month of April due to COVID-19 impact.
  • To make sure it can stay afloat, XYZ Ltd. applies to Y Bank for an overdraft facility up to RWF 1,500,000, which is granted by the bank at 12% rate of interest per annum for one year.
  • On 15 April 2020, XYZ Ltd. is due to pay RWF 1,300,000 to a creditor. As it does not have extra cash available, it utilizes the bank overdraft facility and makes the payment.

 Here is how the repayment process works between the bank and the client:

  • Out of RWF 1,300,000 – RWF 1,000,000 is XYZ Ltd.’s own money & RWF 300.000 is used from overdraft facility and belongs to Y Bank.
  • The interest will be charged on Y Bank’s money, the RWF 300,000, only for the number of days it is overdrawn.
  • Say, if XYZ Ltd. receives a payment from a client on the 30th April and now has some cash, they will deposit the RWF 300, 000 in their Y Bank account.
  • The interest is only charged for 15 days on RWF 300,000 and XYZ Ltd. can use this facility for one year and request the bank to renew if it continues to make credible transactions.

How can I access an overdraft facility? Talk with your Bank, SACCO or MFI to find out what is available for you and your accounts. You can then apply for the amount of overdraft that you need, and for which you qualify.