Urashaka gutangiza ikigo cy’ubucuruzi? Hitamo imiterere y’ikigo yemewe n’amategeko ikwiye

 Ikintu cy’ingenzi gikwiye kwitabwaho iyo umuntu atangije ikigo cy’ubucuruzi ni imiterere y’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi yemewe n’amategeko aba  agenga ubwo bucuruzi. Mu Rwanda, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gishobora kuba ari umutungo bwite w’umuntu ku giti cye, cyangwa kiba ari sosiyete. Imiterere y’ikigo yemewe n’amategeko  umuntu ahitamo igira ingaruka ku byerekeranye n’ubwoko n’umubare w’abanyamigabane ( ba nyirisosiyete) icyo kigo kiba gishobora kugira, uburyozwe bw’umuntu ku giti cye ku byerekeranye n’imyenda y’ikigo, no ku kiguzi cyo gutangiza no gufata neza ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cye.

Dore imwe muri iyo miterere n’ibyiza n’ibibi byayo.

  1. Umutungo w’umuntu ku giti cye:

Iyi miterere kenshi na kenshi iba myiza kurusha iyindi iyo rwiyemezamirimo umwe atangije ikigo cy’ubucuruzi. Ku byerekeranye n’ibyiza, biroroha gutangiza no kwandikisha ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’umuntu ku giti cye. Kandi, nk’umutungo w’umuntu ku giti cye, umuntu akomeza kugira ububasha busesuye bwo kugenzura ibikorwa by’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi. Ikindi kintu cyiza kiba gihari ni uko inshingano zihoraho zo kubahiriza ibisabwa ziba  nkeya kuberako umuntu aba adasabwa gukoresha inama rusange, gukora amaraporo, gukora raporo z’umwaka, cyangwa kugaragaza inyungu za buri mwaka. Ikintu kibi cy’ingenzi cyo kuba ikigo cy’ubucuruzi runaka ari umutungo w’umuntu ku giti cye ni uko nyiracyo aryozwa we wenyine ibyo ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cye kiba kigomba  abandi, harimo n’imyenda ishobora gushyira umutungo w’umuntu ku giti cye mu ngorane iyo icyo kigo cy’ubucuruzi gihuye n’ingorane zo mu rwego rw’imari.

  1. Ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubufatanye:

Ubu bwoko bw’imiterere y’ubucuruzi bwemewe mu rwego rw’amategeko mu Rwanda kuva muri 2021. Ni ubufatanye buba hagati y’abantu babiri cyangwa barenga bemera gukorera ubucuruzi bwabo hamwe. Buri wese ku giti cye ashora amafaranga, umutungo, imbaraga, n’ubuhanga bwe mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi noneho agateganya uruhare azagira ku nyungu no ku bihombo. Ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’ubufatanye bitangiza amafaranga macye, biroroha kubishinga, kandi ababigize bakagabana inyungu. Ba nyirabyo batanga imisoro ku nyungu bwite gusa. Iyo umwe mu banyamuryango ashatse kuva mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubufatanye, ashobora kukivanamo inyungu ze.

Ku ruhande rw’ibibi, uburyozwe bw’umuntu ku giti cye bukomeza kuba ikibazo. Biragora kandi kwegeranya amafaranga kandi kubona abafatanyabikorwa bakwiye rimwe na rimwe biba ari ingorabahizi.

  1. Sosiyete

Sosiyete ni ikigo cyemewe n’amategeko gifasha rwiyemezamirimo gutandukanya umutungo we bwite n’uw’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi. Ibi bishaka kuvuga ko abantu bashobora imari muri sosiyete ( abanyamigabane baryozwa gusa imyenda y’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kugeza ku gaciro k’amafaranga baba barayishoyemo. Kubera iyo mpamvu rero, ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kureshya ishoramari budashyira umutungo w’umuntu ku giti cye mu ngorane. Ariko, ni bwo bwoko bw’imyubakire y’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi bwemewe n’amategeko butwara amafaranga menshi mu kugihanga, buragenzurwa cyane, kandi bukenera kubika inyandiko cyane. Bwanyuma, isoreshwa rikorwa inshuro ebyiri. Habaho umusoro ku nyungu za sosiyete n’umusoro ku nyungu bwite.

Iyi nyandiko igaragaza mu magambo macye imiterere y’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi yemewe n’amategeko iba iri imbere yawe iyo ugiye gutangira ikigo cy’ubucuruzi. Ukeneye andi makuru, washaka umunyamategeko cyangwa inzobere mu bijyanye n’imisoro mu gihe waba ufite ibibazo runaka.

Sura urubuga rwa Rwanda Development Board kugirango umenye ibijyanye no kwiyandikisha mubucuruzi

Launching a Business? Choose the Right Legal Structure

A major factor to consider when starting a business is the legal structure. In Rwanda, your business can be a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation. The structure you select will impact the kind and number of shareholders (co-owners of the firm) you can have, your personal accountability for business debts, and the costs of beginning and maintaining your business.

Learn more about these structures and their advantages and disadvantages.

  1. Sole proprietorship:

This structure is usually best when a single entrepreneur launches a business. On the plus side, it is easier to set up and register a sole proprietorship, and as the sole proprietor, you retain complete control over the business’s operations. A major plus is that ongoing compliance responsibilities are limited since you are not required to have general meetings, submit yearly reports, or file annual returns.

The primary drawback of being a sole proprietor is that you are personally accountable for all business obligations, including debts, which can put your personal assets at risk should you find your business in financial trouble.

  1. Partnerships:

This form of legal structure has only been allowed in Rwanda since early 2021. It is an alliance of 2 or more people who agree to conduct a business together. Each individual invests money, property, effort, and expertise in the firm and anticipates a share of the gains and losses.

Partnerships have low startup costs, are simple to create, and members share the profits. Owners are taxed only on their own personal income. If a partner wants to leave the partnership, they may withdraw from their corporate interests.

On the downside, personal liability may still be an issue. Raising more funds and finding acceptable partners are also sometimes challenging.

 

  1. Corporation

A corporation is a legally recognized entity that enables the entrepreneur to separate personal assets from your business. This means that people who invest in the firm (shareholders) are only liable for the business’s debts up to the value of their investment. As a result, it is a highly effective method of attracting investment without risking your personal wealth. However, it is the most expensive legal business structure to form, is highly regulated, and requires considerable record keeping. Finally, there is double taxation, first on company profits and then on your personal earnings.

This is a quick review of the legal structures available to you when starting a business. For more advice, seek a legal or tax specialist if you have any specific concerns.