Inkuru z’uruhererekane ku bufasha bwo kuzahura ubucuruzi:
Inama zitangwa n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Amabanki mu Rwanda
Video yose wayisanga kuri Facebook kanda hano.
Ongera ubumenyi ngiro mu micungire y’umushinga ukurikira amasomo yo mu Mwiherero n’Amahugurwa utegurirwa na AMI:
Umwiherero: Ku wa Kane, 5 Kamena 2020- https://www.africanmanagers.org/rwandacovidwebinars/
Ibiganiro: https://www.africanmanagers.org/covidwebinars/
Hari ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse (SME) byinshi byibaza ibibazo byerekeye serivisi z’amabanki muri iki gihe, kubera ko ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byahuye n’ibibazo by’igabanuka ry’igipimo cy’amafaranga yinjira n’asohoka, byananiwe kwishyura inguzanyo, no kuba bitizeye ahazaza ha bizinesi bikora. Mu ngamba zafatiwe ibi bibazo, Itsinda rifasha ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse, ryahurije hamwe akanama kagizwe na ba nyiri amabanki bagirana ikiganiro cyatambutse kuri Facebook ubwo cyarimo kiba.
Ku wa 28 Gicurasi, ikiganiro cyatambutse imbona nkubone hifashishijwe murandasi ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti “Ikiganiro n’Urwego rw’Amabanki /A Discussion with the Banking Sector” cyatangije ibiganiro by’Uruhererekane ku bufasha bwo kuzahura ubucuruzi / Supporting Your Business Series. Ikiganiro cyahuje impuguke mu bikorwa by’amabanki nka Maurice K. Toroitich, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa BPR Atlas Mara, Robin C. Bairstow, CEO wa I&M Bank na Perezida w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Amabanki mu Rwanda, na Christine Baingana, CEO wa Urwego Bank. Ikiganiro cyayobowe na Tony Francis Ntore, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Ishyirahamwwe ry’Amabanki mu Rwanda, na Jean Bosco Iyacu, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Imishinga muri Access to Finance Rwanda.
Muri icyo kiganiro, abanyamabanki bagiriye inama Ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse (SMEs) ku buryo byacunga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi no kunoza imikoranire yabyo n’ibigo by’imari. Imyanzuro y’ingenzi ikurikira yavuye muri iki kiganiro igamije gufasha ibigo kwivana mu bihe bikomeye byatewe n’Icyorezo:
Ibyinshi mu bigo bito n’ibiciriritse (SMEs) bikora bitabika inyandiko na raporo zijyanye n’igihe nk’uko bisabwa, kubera umubare muto w’abakozi babyo no kuba byinjiza amafaranga make. Icyakora, banki zizarushaho KUREBA niba ibigo bifite inyandiko zihagije kandi zujuje ibisabwa mu gihe cyo gusuzuma niba ikigo gisaba inguzanyo gifitiwe icyizere mu bijyanye no kwishyura inguzanyo aho kwita ku ngwate gitanga. Ibi bisobanuye ko ikigo kigomba:
- Kugira inyandiko zerekana uko amafaranga yinjira n’uko asohoka buri munsi
- Kugenzura niba ikigo gishobora kugaragaza uko amafaranga yinjira n’uko asohoka cyifashishijekonti itunguka cyangwa konti ikoreshwa mu guhererekanya amafaranga hifashishijwe terefoni ngendanwa mu bikorwa byo guhererekanya amafaranga
- Gukoresha imashini ya EBM ifasha kubika inyandiko z’ibyakozwe
- Kwishyura imisoro no kubikaimpapuro zishyuriweho imisoro ziri ku murongo – ibi bigaragaza uko amafaranga yinjira n’uko asohoka nka kimwe mu bigaragarizwa banki iyo ikigo gisaba inguzanyo
Abacuruzi benshi bafite ibigo bito bibanda ku ngwate – nko kubaka amazu – iyo batekereza uburyo bwabafasha kubona inguzanyo. Ariko, iyo inyandiko z’ibaruramari ry’ikigo zitari ku murongo, ikigo gishobora kutemererwa inguzanyo. Ibigo bisaba inguzanyo bigomba kugaragariza banki ko uretse kuba bifite inyandiko zigaragaza uko amafaranga yinjira n’uko asohoka, binafite ubushobozi bwo kuyacunga.
Kurikira ibiganiro n’amahugurwa utegurirwa na AMI, umenye byinshi ku byerekeye uko wabika inyandiko na raporo by’ibaruramari:
Umwiherero: Ku wa Kane, 5 Kamena 2020 – https://www.africanmanagers.org/rwandacovidwebinars/
Ibiganiro: https://www.africanmanagers.org/covidwebinars/
Rimwe mu makosa y’ingenzi banki zibona ibigo bito bikunze gukora ni ugukoresha konti imwe ibikwaho amafaranga y’umuntu ku giti cye n’ay’ikigo. Iyo utangiye igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi, biba ngombwa ko ufungura indi konti igenewe ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kugira ngo ubashe gukurikirana amafaranga winjiza n’ayo usohora mu buryo buteguye neza. Itegeko rivuga ko kugira ngo wigenere umushahara, ugomba kuwukura kuri konti y’ikigo ukawushyira kuri konti ukoresha ku giti cyawe, kugira ngo ishusho igaragaze neza uko amafaranga yawe yinjira n’uko asohoka.
Kugira za konti zitandukanye bizagufasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa uburyo ikigo cyawe cyunguka maze uzabigendereho mu gufata icyemezo cyo gusaba inguzanyo mu kigo cy’imari cyemewe.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyazanye impinduka nyinshi mu rwego rw’ibigo by’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda. Ibyo bigo byatangiye koroshya imikorere yabyo, gusesengura inkurikizi ibi bihe bikomeye byagize ku mikorereyabyo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo bizabasha gukora igenamigambi kuva ku mezi 3 kugera kuri 6 mu gihe kiri imbere ni byo bizarusha ibindi amahirwe yo kubasha kwivana mu bibazo byatewe n’iki cyorezo.
Imwe mu nama z’ingenzi itangwa n’abanyamabanki ni uko ibigo bitangira gukora igenamigambi rigenewe isoko ritandukanye n’iryaranze ibikorwa mu gihe cyahise mbere y’uko icyorezo cyaduka. Urugero: niba ikigo hari amafaranga cyinjije mu bihe byabanjirije Icyorezo Covid -19, ibyo bigo ntibigomba kumva ko uko ibihe bimeze ubu bizasubira uko byari bisanzwe nyuma y’irangira ry’icyorezo. Gukora igenamigambi hitabwa ku mubare shingiro w’abakiriya utandukanye n’uwari usanzwe no kubasha gukurura abakiriya bashya ni yo ngamba nyamukuru izabifasha kuzahura ubucuruzi bwabyo. Bimwe mu bigo bishobora kwimura ibikorwa byabyo bigahitamo gutanga serivisi byifashishije ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa bigakoresha uburyo burushaho kubifasha mu mitangire ya serivisi.
Ikindi kigomba kuzirikanwa ni uko ibi bihe atari ibyo kwishora mu gutangiza ikigo gishya. Kugerageza gutangiza ikigo gishya ni umwe mu mishinga yaba ifite ibibazo byinshi kubera utangijwe mu bihe bikomeye. Nubwo hazabaho impinduka zizagira byinshi zihindurwa mu mikorere y’ibigo bisanzweho, kugerageza gutangiza ikigo gishya nta bumenyi mu bucuruzi, haba mu bicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi, nta n’ubushobozi bwo gucunga icyo kigo gishya bishobora gutuma gihita gihomba. Birakwiye rero kubanza gushakisha igishoro muri banki. Niba udashobora kugaragariza banki uburyo umushinga wawe uzakora wunguka, ushobora kutemererwa inguzanyo watangiza nk’igishoro.
Kurikira ibiganiro n’amahugurwa utegurirwa na AMI umenye byinshi ku byerekeye uko wabika inyandiko na raporo by’ibaruramaari:
Umwiherero: Ku wa Kane, 5 Kamena 2020 – https://www.africanmanagers.org/rwandacovidwebinars/
Mu rwego rwo kukurinda, wowe ubwawe, abakozi bawe ndetse n’abakiriya, hashobora kwifashishwa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukemura ibibazo aho guhererekanya amafaranga mu ntoki. Muri iki gihe, nta mafaranga agikatwa mu guhererekanya amafaranga hifashishijwe terefoni ngendanwa uyashyira kuri konti ya banki, guhererekanya amafaranga hifashishijwe terefoni ngendanwa (hagati y’umuntu n’undi), kwishyura ibicuruzwa ukoresheje terefoni ngendanwa cyangwa kwishyura inyemezabwishyu ukoresheje terefoni ngendanwa. Nta mafaranga agikatwa iyo wishyura umucuruzi ukoresheje ikarita ya banki ahari utwuma twifashishwa mu kwishyurana hakoreshejwe amakarita (POS).
Uretse kwirinda guhererekanya amafaranga mu ntoki, gushakira ibisubizo mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga byanafashije kubika inyandiko zigaragaza uko amafaranga yinjira n’uko asohoka. Ni ngombwa kugira konti zitandukanye cyangwa konti zifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu ihererekanya ry’amafaranga kuri konti y’umuntu ku giti na konti y’ikigo kugira ngo ukenera gusaba inguzanyo cyangwa indi ngoboka itangwa na banki imufasha mu kuzahura ibikorwa bye, abashe kuyigaragariza neza inyandiko yagiye abika nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko afitanye na banki imikoranire yizewe.
Ku bakiriya basanganywe na banki, amabanki yabashyiriyeho serivisi zibafasha kwishyura inguzanyo. Muri izo serivisi harimo igihe bamara basonewe mbere yo gutangira kwishyura inyungu n’inguzanyo y’ibanze, isubikabwishyu no kuvanirwaho ibihano by’ubukererwe mu kwishyura n’andi mafaranga akatwa. Banki zumva neza impamvu imikorere ya byinshi mu bigo bito n’ibiciriritse (SMEs) yagiye ikendera muri ibi bihe bimwe hubahirizwa ingamba zo guhagarika bimwe mu bikorwa bitari iby’ingenzi.
Kuganira na banki yawe – unyuze ku mukozi ushinzwe imikoranire n’abakiriya cyangwa ushinzwe inguzanyo ni ingirakamaro. Niba ikigo cyawe kiri mu bibazo, witegereza, egera bidatinze banki igufashe. Banki izakorana nawe igufashe gufata icyemezo ku gihe ukeneye guhabwa mbere yo gutangira kwishyura inguzanyo cyangwa gusubikirwa kwishyura inyungu, akenshi bitewe n’urwego rw’ubucuruzi na serivisi ikigo cyawe kibarizwamo n’uburyo cyazahajwe n’ibi bihe bikomeye.
Ku wa 4 Kamena 2020, Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) yatangije Ikigega cyo Kuzahura Ubukungu. Iki kigega kizemerera banki gutanga inguzanyo z’ingoboka n’izindi serivisi ku bigo biri mu ngorane byatewe n’ibi bihe bikomeye. Icyakora, ni ngombwa ko ikigo gikora igenamigambi cyitonze ku byerekeye ubushobozi gifite bwo gusaba inguzanyo no kureba niba kizakora cyunguka bihagije kugira ngo kizabashe kwishyura iyo nguzanyo. Nubwo inguzanyo zizatangwa ku ijanisha ry’inyungu riri hasi ku bigo byujuje ibisabwa mu kubona iyo nguzanyo y’ingoboka, kuko atari impano bizaba bihawe. Izi nguzanyo zifite amategeko n’amabwiriza azigenga nk’uko bikurikizwa ku nguzanyo isanzwe, igomba kwishyurwa yose uko yakabaye, mu gihe cyagenwe kandi hishyurwa amafaranga yose asabwa n’andi akatwa ku nguzanyo.
Niba utujuje ibisabwa ngo wemererwe inguzanyo, kandi ukaba ufite gahunda isobanutse y’uburyo uzifashisha mu kwishyura inguzanyo uhawe, warushaho gusobanukirwa wegereye umukozi ushinzwe imikoranire n’abakiriya cyangwa ushinzwe inguzanyo. Azagufasha kugenzura niba ufite inyandiko zose zikenewe, ko utabaye umukiriya bihemu mu gihe cyahise no kureba niba inguzanyo usaba izagufasha aho kukubera umuzigo mu bucuruzi ukora.
Kurikira ibiganiro n’amahugurwa utegurirwa na AMI,umenye byinshi ku byerekeye uko wasuzuma ubushobozi bukwemerera kwaka inguzanyo
Umwiherero: Ku wa Kane, 5 Kamena 2020- https://www.africanmanagers.org/rwandacovidwebinars/
Amabanki asanga hari bamwe mu bakiriya bakoresha amafaranga y’inguzanyo bahawe mu bindi bitari ubucuruzi basanzwe bakora, ku buryo iyo bageze igihe cyo kwishyura, nta mafaranga baba bagifite. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ya mbere ituma banki zitakariza icyizere umukiriya wazo. Nubwo bisa nk’aho cyaba ari igitekerezo cyiza mu gihe kigufi, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kwemererwa inguzanyo mu gihe kizaza, cyane cyane muri ibi bihe aho kunanirwa kwishyura inguzanyo bigira ingaruka ku cyizere ufitiwe n’Ibiro bikusanya Amakuru ku Nguzanyo (CRB).
Aho gushora inguzanyo mu mushinga itateganyirijwe, kabone niyo umuntu yaba ari mu bibazo, nk’uko ibibazo bitajya bibura, ugomba guhita ubuganiraho n’umukozi ushinzwe imikoranire n’abakiriya cyangwa ushinzwe inguzanyo. Banki ntibereyeho kugucira urubanza mu byo wakoze ahubwo intego yayo ni ugufasha abayigana. Iyo nta makuru asobanutse, y’ukuri kandi ajyanye n’ibihe uyihaye, ntizabasha kwiga ku kibazo cyawe kugira ngo ikibonere igisubizo kizakurinda kunanirwa kwishyura.
Abacuruzi benshi bibaza ibibazo bikurikira: “Kuki ngomba gushaka ubwishingizi ngashora amafaranga yanjye ntazongera kubona mu gihe nta kibazo mpuye nacyo?” Icyakora, ubwishingizi ni yo serivisi irusha izindi akamaro ikigo kigomba kuba gifite kugira ngo bigifashe guhangana n’ibyagiteza ingorane. Itegeko abanyamabanki bagenderaho ni uko niba umuntu adashobora kwigondera ikiguzi cy’ubwishingizi, bivuze ko atanabasha no kubaho ngo anakore imishinga nta bwishingizi afite.
Mu gihe hari ibyihutirwa bikeneye igisubizo, nk’ubujura, inkongi y’umuriro, impanuka y’ikinyabiziga, ugomba kubungabunga umutungo wawe n’ibikorwaremezo by’aho ukorera ubucuruzi. Ubwishingizi buboneka hifashishijwe ibigo by’imari hamwe no kwegera amasosiyete y’ubwishingizi agufasha kwirinda wowe ubwawe ibyakugiraho ingaruka bitari biteganyijwe maze ukirinda gutakaza ibyakunganiraga mu mibereho.
Imikoranire hagati y’ikigo n’abakiriya bacyo ntishobora kwirengagizwa nubwo haba ari mu bihe ubucuruzi buri mu ngorane. Ugomba gukomeza gukorana bya hafi n’abakiriya ndetse n’abakugezaho ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bamenye ibyo urimo gukora ku buryo babasha gukomeza imikoranire mufitanye mu gihe ubucuruzi butangiye kugenda neza.
Urugero: hari ibigo byinshi bito bikigorwa no kwishyura ubukode cyangwa abandi bacuruzi babigemuriye ibicuruzwa kubera ko amafaranga byinjizaga yagabanutse cyangwa akaba nta mafaranga bikinjiza muri ibi bihe ibikorwa na serivisi bitari ngombwa byabaye bihagaritswe. Nubwo abacuruzi bagemura ibicuruzwa badateganya kugira igihombo mu mafaranga binjiza, hari benshi muri bo biteguye kuganira no kumvikana ku mikorere irambye aho kuba batakaza amafaranga YOSE binjizaga, aba ni abagifite ubushobozi bwo gukora bunguka.
Mu byerekeye abakiriya, ushobora kubura ubushobozi bwo kugemura ibicuruzwa na serivisi mu buryo bumwe n’uko wabikoraga hataraba ingorane zatewe n’icyorezo COVID-19. Ushobora gukenera kumvikana na ba bandi bishyuye mbere cyangwa ukizeza abakiriya bawe ko ufite gahunda yo gufungura ibikorwa byawe kandi ko uzakorana na bo vuba bishoboka. Icy’ingenzi ni imirongo y’itumanaho ikomeza kuba ifunguye kugira ngo abakiriya bawe batajya mu kindi kigo cyiteguye kuganira no gukorana na bo.
Kurikira ibiganiro n’amahugurwa utegurirwa na AMI, umenye byinshi ku byerekeye uko waganira ukumvikana n’abacuruzi bakugemurira ibicuruzwa na serivisi ukenera:
Umwiherero: Ku wa Kane, 5 Kamena 2020
Hari ibivugwabitari ukuri ku mabanki n’ibindi bigo by’imari aho hari abavuga ko ibi bigo bikorana n’abakire gusa, iyo dushaka kuvugisha abakozi babyo ntibaboneka, ni abantu bibereye aho bashishikajwe no kwinjiza amafaranga. Nubwo banki na zo ari ibigo by’ubucuruzi, zikora ubucuruzi bwo gutanga serivisi ku bakiriya nk we. Ubwizerane ni ingenzi mu guteza imbere imikoranire yawe na banki ikuzanira inyungu.
Rimwe na rimwe, abakiriya batinya kubwira banki ko ubucuruzi bakora buri mu ngorane cyangwa ko bananiwe kwishyura inguzanyo bahawe. Nyamara, amabanki azi neza ko turi mu bihe bigoranye ku byinshi mu bigo bito bikora ubucuruzi kandi biri mu nyungu za buri wese gufasha ibi bigo kuzahura ibikorwa byabyo. Nk’umukiriya, birakwiye ko uhita uganira n’umukozi ushinzwe imikoranire n’abakiriya cyangwa ushinzwe inguzanyo ukamugezaho amakuru asobanutse, ajyanye n’ibihe kandi yizewe ukuri kugira ngo banki igufashe kubona ku muti w’ikibazo.
Rimwe na rimwe banki ishobora kukwemerera gusubika iyishyurwa ry’inguzanyo cyangwa igihe uzamara mbere yo gutangira kwishyura inguzanyo. Banki ishobora kandi guhuza ingengabihe yo kwishyura n’igihe kirekire ikwemereye kuzishyuramo inguzanyo cyangwa ikagufasha kubona ibindi bisubizo. Ariko iyo nta kwizerana no guhanahana amakuru, nta serivisi uhabwa.
Uko ubucuruzi bukorwa ku isi hose bizaba bitandukanye n’uko byahoze mbere y’Icyorezo Covid-19. Byingeye kandi, serivisi amabanki n’ibindi bigo by’imari bitanga ni ugufasha ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse (SMEs) kubasha guhangana n’ibihe birushaho gutera impungenge urwego rw’ubucuruzi kuko rutizeye uko ibintu bizaba bimmeze mu gihe kiri imbere. Niba utaratangira imikoranire na banki, iki ni cyo gihe cyo kubikora. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urasabwa ibikurikira:
- Gushyira ku murongo inyandiko na raporo z’ibaruramari
- Gufungura konti kugira ngo ubashe gutangira ubika neza inyandiko zizajya zikwereka niba uko ibikorwa byawe bitera imbere cyane cyane igihe uzaba ugeze ubwo usaba inguzanyo
- Komeza gutandukanya konti yawe bwite na konti y’ikigo
- Kurikira amasomo – nk’atangirwa mu mwiherero cyangwa amahugurwa ategurwa na AMI azakwigisha uburyo buboneye bwo kubika inyandiko, guhangana n’ibyateza ingorane ndetse n’ubumenyi ngiro mu igenamigambi
- Komeza ufungure imirongo y’itumanaho n’abakugemurira ibicuruzwandetse n’abakiriya
- Gushakisha uburyo wazahura ubucuruzi usanzwe ukora kugira ngo ukomeze ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi
- Gufata inguzanyo nk’ingoboka wifashisha, ariko ifite inshingano ziyiherekeje aho gufata inguzanyo nk’impano uhawe cyangwa ikindi ugabiwe
- Gukoresha inguzanyo icyo yari iteganyijirijwe kuzakoreshwa
Nuramuka uzirikanye izi nama uhawe, kandi ukegera banki yawe cyangwa ikigo cy’imari mukorana, bishobora kukugoboka mu gihe ubikeneye, uzaba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kutagirwaho ingaruka n’ingorane zatewe n’Icyorezo cya COVID-19!